So if the pressure is sufficiently negative (hence \(w<-1/3\)) then the effective massīecomes negative. Particular combination of energies entering into this passive \(E=mc^2\ ,\) that energy sources gravity just as mass does. Kaluza-Klein theories and give modification of gravity on smallĪccording to Einstein's theory of general relativity, all forms ofĮnergy contribute to gravitation. Scenarios where all standard physics except for gravity is Universal) or compact, topologically rolled-up extra dimensions.Įxamples of universal extra dimension theories include braneworld To the three spatial dimensions either large (also called Higher dimension theories change the nature of spacetime, adding Scalar-tensor theories since the extension generically generatesĪdditional degrees of freedom including scalar fields. Terms with more derivatives of the metric tensor than the twoĪllowed by general relativity are included. This has two main branches: higher derivativeĪnd higher dimension theories. scalar-tensor gravity, haveĮxtending the gravitational physics itself, by changing theĮinstein-Hilbert action of general relativity (\(\Lambda\)Ĭan enter here as well), is another avenue withĭark matter or neutrinos), called coupled dark energy, or with Nongravitational interactions with some forms of matter (e.g. Moreīaroque fields with nonstandard dynamics (e.g. Physics - for standard fields this is called quintessence. Possibility is an evolving scalar field arising from high energy
Or vacuum energy of a quantum field pervading space. Gravitationally repulsive substance, with pressure \(p\) equalĪnd opposite to its constant energy density \(\rho\ ,\) and so The cosmological constant \(\Lambda\) is one such (theorized) Physical origin High energy physics origin Then the substance acts in a gravitationally repulsive manner. Ratio \(w\) measures this and when \(w<-1/3\) (tension) the equation of state, or pressure to energy density, Relativity for substances with strongly negative pressure Gravitation as an attractive force acts to slow down the cosmicĮxpansion, so dark energy acts in this sense as antigravity orĬosmic repulsion. Physics nor within experimental experience of gravity as an Phenomenon is not predicted within the standard model of particle Years, and will determine the fate of the universe. Of space, causing it to accelerate over the last ~5 billion Dark energy effectively contributes 70-75% of theĬurrent energy density of the universe, governing the expansion
The consequences of dark energy for fundamental physics will notīe clear until its origin is discovered, but the effects on the
0 kommentar(er)
